Technical Interview Questions for Python Developer
1. What is Python?
Answer: Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for simplicity and versatility.
2. What are the key features of Python?
Answer: Python supports object-oriented programming, dynamic typing, large libraries, and easy syntax.
3. What is the difference between a list and a tuple?
Answer: Lists are mutable, while tuples are immutable collections in Python.
4. What are Python decorators?
Answer: Decorators are functions that modify or extend the behavior of another function.
5. What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?
Answer: Shallow copy copies references, while deep copy creates independent copies of nested objects.
6. What are Python dictionaries?
Answer: Dictionaries store data as key-value pairs and provide fast data lookup.
7. What is the difference between == and is in Python?
Answer: == compares values, while is compares object identity.
8. What are Python generators?
Answer: Generators produce values one at a time using the yield keyword for memory efficiency.
9. What is a lambda function in Python?
Answer: A lambda function is an anonymous function written with a single expression.
10. What is exception handling in Python?
Answer: Exception handling manages runtime errors using try, except, finally, and raise blocks.
11. What are Python modules and packages?
Answer: Modules are Python files, while packages are collections of modules.
12. What is the difference between Python 2 and Python 3?
Answer: Python 3 is the modern version with improved syntax, performance, and support.
13. What is OOP in Python?
Answer: Object-Oriented Programming organizes code using classes and objects.
14. What are Python classes and objects?
Answer: Classes define object structures, and objects are instances of those classes.
15. What is inheritance in Python?
Answer: Inheritance allows one class to reuse properties and methods of another class.
16. What is the purpose of virtual environments in Python?
Answer: Virtual environments isolate project dependencies and package versions.
17. What is pip in Python?
Answer: Pip is a package manager used to install and manage Python libraries.
18. What is the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)?
Answer: GIL allows only one thread to execute Python bytecode at a time.
19. What is Django in Python?
Answer: Django is a Python web framework used for building secure and scalable applications.
20. What is Flask in Python?
Answer: Flask is a lightweight Python web framework used for developing web applications and APIs.
21. What is REST API in Python?
Answer: REST API allows applications to communicate using HTTP methods and data formats like JSON.
22. What is ORM in Django?
Answer: ORM allows developers to interact with databases using Python objects instead of SQL queries.
23. What is the difference between Django and Flask?
Answer: Django is a full-featured framework, while Flask is lightweight and flexible.
24. How do you improve Python application performance?
Answer: Performance can be improved through optimization, caching, efficient algorithms, and database tuning.
25. What is unit testing in Python?
Answer: Unit testing verifies that individual parts of code work correctly using testing frameworks like pytest.